6.+Aves

=** THE TOP TEN LIST **=

Birds have hollow bones
Birds have air sacs near their lungs Most birds migrate They all have wings Birds repair their feathers using a process called preening They have the warmest bodies of all warm bloodied animals Birds have a two part stomach Birds lay eggs Birds incubate their eggs

= ** BIRDS OF NORTHERN WISCONSIN ** = = **ORDER I. ACCIPITRES** = FALCONIDÆ Bald eagle, //Haliætos leucocephalus// Wilson **ORDER II. PASSERES** ALCEDINIDÆ Red-throated Hummingbird, //Trochilus colubris// Linnæus **ORDER III. GALLINÆ** PHASIANIDÆ Wild turkey, //Meleagris gallopavo// Linnæus **ORDER IV. GRALLÆ** CHARADRADÆ Golden plover, //Charadrius virginianus// Borkheim **ORDER V. NATATORES** ANATIDÆ Wild goose, //Anser Canadensis// Willoughby

=** ANATOMY TERMS **=

**__Contour Feathers__**- These are the feathers that give the areodynamic shape. They provide the bird with insulation and and colors.
**__Flight Feathers__**- these are specialized feathers at the end of the tail and wings. **__Preen Gland__**- this gland is used to secret oil for the preening process. The gland is located near the base of the tail. **__Wings__**- wings are modified forelimbs that are needed for flight **__Proventriculus__**- the first part of the two chambered stomach, this is where the food is broken down using enzymes and acids **__Gizzard__**- the second part of the two chambered stomach, this is where food is crushed into smaller chunks. The gizzards usually contains small pebbles to help digestions **__Vasa Deferentia__**- these are small tubes used during reproduction. They are used to pass sperm from the male to the female when the cloacas are pressed agianst each other **__Brood Patch__**- this is a thickened, featherless patch of skin on the abdomen. It is used to incubate the eggs **__Crop Milk__**- this is a milk-like fluid that is secreted in the crop to feed the young. Both the male and the female secret the milk =**INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT BIRDS**=
 * ==== Swifts, doves, falcons, and sandpipers can approach 200 mph. ====
 * The oldest bird was known as an Archaeopteryx and lived about 150 million years ago. It was the size of a raven, was covered with feathers, and had wings.
 * The egg of the hummingbird is the world's smallest bird's egg; the egg of the ostrich, the world's largest.
 * The now-extinct elephant bird of Madagascar laid an egg that weighed 27 pounds.
 * A bird's heart beats 400 times per minute while resting and up to 1000 beats per minute while flying.
 * The world's only wingless bird is the kiwi of New Zealand.
 * The only known poisonous bird in the world is the hooded pitohui of Papua, New Guinea. The poison is found in its skin and feathers.
 * The most common bird on the planet is the chicken.
 * A bird's feathers weigh more than its skeleton does.


 * There are about 9 703 species of birds divided up into 23 orders, 142 families and 2 057 genera.
 * The Sudanese Red Sea Cliff Swallow (Hirundo perdita) seen once in 1984 and the Orange-necked Partridge (Arborophila davidi) seen once in 1927 are among the rarest birds in the world.

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